CHAPTER VII
Proprieties
LAW 72
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
- A. Observance of Laws
-
- 1. General Obligation on Contestants
-
Duplicate bridge tournaments should be played in strict accordance with the laws.
- 2. Scoring of Tricks Won
-
A player must not knowingly accept either the score for a trick that his side did not
win or the concession of a trick that his opponents could not lose.
- 3. Waiving of Penalties
-
In duplicate tournaments a player may not, on his own initiative, waive a penalty for an
opponent's infraction, even if he feels that he has not been damaged (but he may ask the
Director to do so - see Law 81C8).
- 4. Non-offenders' Exercise of Legal Options
-
When these Laws provide the innocent side with an option after an irregularity committed by
an opponent, it is appropriate to select that action most advantageous.
- 5. Offenders' Options
-
Subject to Law 16C2, after the offending side has paid the prescribed penalty for an inadvertent infraction, it is
appropriate for the offenders to make any call or play advantageous to their side, even though
they thereby appear to profit through their own infraction.
- 6. Responsibility for Enforcement of Laws
-
The responsibility for penalizing irregularities and redressing damage rests solely upon the
Director and these Laws, not upon the players themselves.
- B. Infraction of Law
-
- 1. Adjusted Score
- Whenever the Director deems that an offender could have known at the time of his irregularity that the irregularity would be likely to damage the non-offending side, he shall require the auction and play to continue, afterwards awarding an adjusted score if he considers that the offending side gained an advantage through the irregularity.
- 2. Intentional
-
A player must not infringe a law intentionally, even if there is a prescribed
penalty he is willing to pay.
- 3. Inadvertent Infraction
-
There is no obligation to draw attention to an inadvertent infraction of Law committed by
one's own side (but see footnote to Law 75 for a mistaken explanation).
- 4. Concealing an Infraction
-
A player may not attempt to conceal an inadvertent infraction, as by committing a second
revoke, concealing a card involved in a revoke, or mixing the cards prematurely.
LAW 73
COMMUNICATION
- A. Proper Communication between Partners
-
- 1. How Effected
-
Communication between partners during the auction and play shall be effected only by
means of the calls and plays themselves.
- 2. Correct Manner for Calls and Plays
-
Calls and plays should be made without special emphasis, mannerism or inflection, and
without undue hesitation or haste (however, sponsoring organizations may require mandatory
pauses, as on the first round of auction, or after a skip-bid warning, or on the first trick).
- B. Inappropriate Communication Between Partners
-
- 1. Gratuitous Information
-
Partners shall not communicate through the manner in
which calls or plays are made, through extraneous remarks or gestures, through questions
asked or not asked of the opponents or through alerts and explanations given or not given to
them.
- 2. Prearranged Communication
-
The gravest possible offense is for a partnership to exchange information
through prearranged methods of communication other than those sanctioned by these Laws. A guilty partnership risks expulsion.
- C. Player Receives Unauthorized Information from Partner
-
When a player has available to him unauthorized information from his partner, as from a remark,
question, explanation, gesture, mannerism, special emphasis, inflection, haste or hesitation, he
must carefully avoid taking any advantage that might accrue to his side.
- D. Variations in Tempo or Manner
-
- 1. Inadvertent Variations
-
It is desirable, though not always required, for players to maintain steady tempo and unvarying manner. However, players should be particularly careful in positions in which variations may work to the benefit of their side.
Otherwise,
inadvertently to vary the tempo or manner in which a call or play is made does not in itself
constitute a violation of propriety, but inferences from such variation may appropriately be
drawn only by an opponent, and at his own risk.
- 2. Intentional Variations
-
A player may not attempt to mislead an opponent by means of remark or gesture,
through the haste or hesitancy of a call or play (as in hesitating before playing a singleton), or
by the manner in which the call or play is made.
- E. Deception
-
A player may appropriately attempt to deceive an opponent through a call or play (so long
as the deception is not protected by concealed partnership understanding or experience). It is entirely
appropriate to avoid giving information to the opponents by making all calls and plays in
unvarying tempo and manner.
- F. Violation of Proprieties
-
When a violation of the Proprieties described in this law results in damage to an innocent
opponent,
- 1. Player Acts on Unauthorized Information
-
if the Director determines that a player chose from among logical alternative actions one that
could demonstrably have been suggested over another by his partner's remark, manner, tempo,
or the like, he shall award an adjusted score (see Law 16).
- 2. Player Injured by Illegal Deception
-
if the Director determines that an innocent player has drawn a false inference from a remark, manner, tempo, or the like, of an opponent who has no demonstrable bridge reason for the action, and who could have known, at the
time of the action, that the action could work to his benefit, the Director shall award an
adjusted score (see Law 12C).
LAW 74
CONDUCT AND ETIQUETTE
- A. Proper Attitude
-
- 1. Courtesy
-
A player should maintain a courteous attitude at all times.
- 2. Etiquette of Word and Action
-
A player should carefully avoid any remark or action that might cause annoyance or
embarrassment to another player or might interfere with the enjoyment of the game.
- 3. Conformity to Correct Procedure
-
Every player should follow uniform and correct procedure in calling and playing.
- B. Etiquette
-
As a matter of courtesy a player should refrain from:
- 1. paying insufficient attention to the game.
- 2. making gratuitous comments during the auction and play.
- 3. detaching a card before it is his turn to play.
- 4. prolonging play unnecessarily (as in playing on although he knows that all the tricks are
surely his) for the purpose of disconcerting an opponent.
- 5. summoning and addressing the Director in a manner discourteous to him or to other contestants.
- C. Violations of Procedure
-
The following are considered violations of procedure:
- 1. using different designations for the same call.
- 2. indicating approval or disapproval of a call or play.
- 3. indicating the expectation or intention of winning or losing a trick that has not been
completed.
- 4. commenting or acting during the auction or play so as to call attention to a significant
occurrence, or to the number of tricks still required for success.
- 5. looking intently at any other player during the auction and play, or at another player's hand
as for the purpose of seeing his cards or of observing the place from which he draws a card
(but it is appropriate to act on information acquired by inadvertently seeing an opponent's
card
).
- 6. showing an obvious lack of further interest in a deal (as by folding one's cards).
- 7. varying the normal tempo of bidding or play for the purpose of disconcerting an opponent.
- 8. leaving the table needlessly before the round is called.
See Law 73D2 when a player may have shown his cards intentionally.
LAW 75
PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS
- A. Special Partnership Agreements
-
Special partnership agreements, whether explicit or implicit, must be fully and freely
available to the opponents (see Law 40). Information conveyed to partner through such
agreements must arise from the calls, plays and conditions of the current deal.
- B. Violations of Partnership Agreements
-
A player may violate an announced partnership agreement, so long as his
partner is unaware of the violation (but habitual violations within a partnership may create
implicit agreements, which must be disclosed). No player has the obligation to disclose to the
opponents that he has violated an announced agreement and if the opponents are
subsequently damaged, as through drawing a false inference from such violation, they are not
entitled to redress.
- C. Answering Questions on Partnership Agreements
-
When explaining the significance of partner's call or play in reply to an opponent's inquiry
(see Law 20), a player shall disclose all special information conveyed to him through
partnership agreement or partnership experience, but he need not disclose inferences drawn
from his general knowledge and experience.
- D. Correcting Errors in Explanation
-
- 1. Explainer Notices Own Error
-
If a player subsequently realises that his own explanation was erroneous or incomplete, he must immediately call the Director (who will apply Law 21 or Law 40C).
- 2. Error Noticed by Explainer's Partner
-
A player whose partner has given a mistaken explanation may not correct the
error before the final pass, nor may he indicate in any manner that a mistake has been made; a defender may not correct the error until play ends. After calling the Director at the earliest legal opportunity (after the final pass, if he is to be declarer or dummy; after play ends, if he is to be a defender), the player must inform the opponents that, in his opinion, his partner's explanation was erroneous.
Two examples may clarify responsibilities of
the players (and the Director) after a misleading explanation has been
given to the opponents. In both examples following, North has opened
1NT and South, who holds a weak hand with long diamonds, has bid
2
, intending to sign off; North explains, however, in
answer to West's inquiry, that South's bid is strong and artificial,
asking for major suits.
Example 1 - Mistaken Explanation
The actual partnership agreement is that 2 is a natural
sign-off; the mistake was in North's explanation. This explanation is
an infraction of law, since East-West are entitled to an accurate
description of the North-South agreement (when this infraction results
in damage to East-West, the Director shall award an adjusted
score). If North subsequently becomes aware of his mistake, he must
immediately notify the Director. South must do nothing to correct the
mistaken explanation while the auction continues; after the final
pass, South, if he is to be declarer or dummy, should call the
Director and must volunteer a correction of the explanation. If South
becomes a defender, he calls the Director and corrects the explanation
when play ends.
Example 2 - Mistaken Bid
The partnership agreement is as explained - 2 is strong
and artificial; the mistake was in South's bid. Here there is no
infraction of law, since East-West did receive an accurate description
of the North-South agreement; they have no claim to an accurate
description of the North-South hands.
(Regardless of damage, the
Director shall allow the result to stand; but the Director is to
presume Mistaken Explanation, rather than Mistaken Bid, in the absence
of evidence to the contrary.) South must not correct North's
explanation (or notify the Director) immediately, and he has no
responsibility to do so subsequently.
In both examples, South, having heard North's explanation, knows that
his own 2 bid has been misinterpreted. This knowledge is
``unauthorized information'' (see Law 16A),
so South must be careful not to base subsequent actions on this information (if
he does, the Director shall award an adjusted score). For instance, if
North rebids 2NT, South has the unauthorized information that this bid
merely denies a four-card holding in either major suit; but South's
responsibility is to act as though North had made a strong game try
opposite a weak response, showing maximum values.
LAW 76
SPECTATORS
- A. Conduct during Bidding or Play
-
- 1. One Hand Only
-
A spectator should not look at the hand of more than one player, except by permission.
- 2. Personal Reaction
-
A spectator must not display any reaction to the bidding or play while a deal is in progress.
- 3. Mannerisms or Remarks
-
During the round, a spectator must refrain from mannerisms or remarks of any kind
(including conversation with a player).
- 4. Consideration for Players
-
A spectator must not in any way disturb a player.
- B. Spectator Participation
-
A spectator may not call attention to any irregularity or mistake, nor speak on any question of
fact or law except by request of the Director.
Chapters: I - Definitions
II - Preliminaries
III - Preparation and Progression
IV - General Laws Governing Irregularities
V - The Auction
VI - The Play
VII - Proprieties
VIII - The Score
IX - Tournament Sponsorship
X - Tournament Director
XI - Appeals
Last modified: Thu Aug 12 07:30:07 1999
